k8s集群搭建
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cloud computing

三台服务器，一主俩从

安装docker
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
原来是默认安装最新版，这里需要指定一下版本，目的是保障后续安装k8s不出问题：

yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7 containerd.io-1.4.6

安装kubelet
3.1 安装要求
一台兼容的 Linux 主机。Kubernetes 项目为基于 Debian 和 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版以及一些不提供包管理器的发行版提供通用的指令。

每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM （如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存)

2 CPU 核或更多

集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以)

设置防火墙放行规则

节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。

设置不同hostname
开启机器上的某些端口。请参见这里 了解更多详细信息。

​​​​​​​内网互信
禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作，你 必须 禁用交换分区。

​​​​​​​永久关闭

为每台服务器完成前置设置

各个机器设置自己的域名

hostnamectl set-hostname xxxx

将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）

sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i ‘s/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/’ /etc/selinux/config

关闭swap

swapoff -a
sed -ri ‘s/.swap./#&/’ /etc/fstab

允许 iptables 检查桥接流量

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl –system

3.3 为每台服务器安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

kubelet – “厂长”

kubectl – 程序员敲命令行的命令窗

kubeadm – 引导创建集群的

1.先配置K8S下载的地址

cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF

2. 安装

sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 –disableexcludes=kubernetes

3. 启动kubelet

sudo systemctl enable –now kubelet

systemctl status kubelet 查看状态会发现，kubelet 现在每隔几秒就会重启，因为它陷入了一个等待 kubeadm 指令的死循环。这是正常现象不用管！

使用kubeadm引导集群

4 master服务器

下载各个机器需要的镜像，以下只需要在master机器上执行：

# 1. 定义一个for循环，需要的东西下载
sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF
# 2. 赋予权限，让它下载这些东西
chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

4.2 node1、node2服务器

从节点也需要安装kube-proxy。我们可以只下载这个镜像，当然了为了避免出现意外，我们也可以都下载下来。

1.首先给所有的服务器都添加一下k8s master这台服务器的域名映射

所有机器添加master域名映射，以下需要修改为自己的内网ip地址

echo “192.168.xx.xx cluster-endpoint” >> /etc/hosts

只在k8s110这台服务器上执行主节点初始化过程：

kubeadm init \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.10.22 \
  --image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
  --kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
  --pod-network-cidr=192.168.50.0/24

初始化master节点

出现这个错误，执行以下命令

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

然后重新执行初始化

初始化成功，这段重要，需要复制下来，后面会用到。

按照初始化成功后的步骤一步步来

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

查看一下集群的所有结点：

#查看集群所有节点
kubectl get nodes

这台服务器就是master节点了，但是它的状态是NotReady。

安装网络插件，有很多种，这边选择calico

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.20/manifests/calico.yaml -O

下载成功，ls查看当前目录文件，calico.yaml配置文件就有了

进入calico配置文件修改这个地方，改成自己设置的ip。init初始化的时候

  1. 根据配置文件，给集群创建资源（以后通过该命令为k8s创建资源，不限于calico

kubectl apply -f calico.yam

执行以上命令安装calico插件

如果出现这个说明，calico配置文件缩进改错了。对其即可

查看集群部署了哪些应用

  1. 查看集群部署了哪些应用
  2. docker ps
  3. # 等价于
  4. kubectl get pods -A

kubectl get nodes

现在状态就是ready状态了

work节点加入集群

始化主节点成功后的提示中有步骤：

在其他两台服务器执行，初始化生成的数据

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 –token 3e54se.alzs9d1mkf30f25w \
–discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:689c076e294bdbb588103a51aaa7248b8a0df34bde634a6189d311ad46a02856

如果加入报错，请查看是否已经关闭了防火墙，确保关闭防火墙然后执行：

然后去master查看一下节点信息

kubectl get nodes

一般没有那么块就绪，需要几秒钟。

查看初始化应用
kubectl get pods -A

全部1/1代表成功

也可以通过linux的命令 watch -n 1 kubectl get pods -A，每一秒查看一下状态

现在再用kubectl get nodes 查看发现加入成功，状态是ready就可以了

oken过期怎么办？

token超过24小时就失效了，如果我们还没有加入从节点，或者想加入新的从节点，可以在master节点执行如下命令，让它重新生成

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

安装可视化界面dashboard

6.1 安装

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

如果网络不好安装不了就复制下面的，将它写入到一个yaml文件中，然后执行该文件即可：

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
 
---
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
 
---
 
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 
---
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
 
---
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""
 
---
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
 
---
 
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
 
---
 
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]
 
---
 
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
 
---
 
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
 
---
 
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
 
---
 
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
 
---
 
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
 
---
 
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

6 暴露端口

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

type: ClusterIP 改为 type: NodePort

相当于docker中将内部的端口映射到linux的某个端口

找到放行的端口

kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard

访问web界面

访问： https://集群任意IP:端口 https://192.168.1.11:31820/

如果浏览器不能访问

可以换成搜狗，火狐浏览器可以访问到：

创建访问账号

创建一个配置文件dash-usr.yaml

#创建访问账号，准备一个yaml文件； vi dash.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

 生成令牌

这个可视化界面是通过令牌登录的，我们可以通过如下命令生成访问令牌：

#获取访问令牌
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"

这段是令牌

现在就可以通过这个令牌登录到web界面了

重启后，k8s集群正常来说就会自动启动，只不过部分应用需要时间慢慢启动，等他们全部running

如果发现没有重启成功，那么检查一下swap交换分区是不是没有关闭？防火墙是不是打开了？docker是不是都启动了？

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